Feed categories . Petioles of this plant are long. Habitats: Montane forests at elevations of 800 - 1,500 metres in China[266 ]. It belongs to the family Apocynaceae and is found in sub-Himalayan ranges and Western Ghats of India. Monographie 12: ' . RATING: Red, due to safety issues. 1 answer. La réserpine, en particulier, a connu un grand succès à partir des années 1960. Sections. Rauwolfia vomitoria – Rauwolfia. Notification to the C&L Inventory ; Addressing substances of concern. Common Name: Rauwolfia, Ajmaline, Java devil-pepper: Family: Apocynaceae: USDA hardiness: 10-12: Known Hazards: Although we have seen no specific information for this species, most if not all members of this genus contain poisonous alkaloids[K ]. Sarpagandha root. During this period of time check with your doctor immediately if you notice any of the following side effects: Diarrhea dryness of mouth loss of appetite nausea and vomiting stuffy nose Less common. 26 From the extract, reserpine was removed by chloroform extraction conducted efficiently in … Common names . Common Name(s): poison devil's-pepper [English] Taxonomic Status: Current Standing: accepted Data Quality Indicators: Record Credibility Rating: verified - standards met For rauwolfia serpentina. Rauvolfia serpentina, the Indian snakeroot, devil pepper, or serpentine wood, is a species of flower in the milkweed family Apocynaceae. GBIF classification. Latin: Rauwolfia serpentina Sanskrit: Sarpaghandha African: Numerous (R. vomitoria species) Chinese: Lu fu mu (various species) English: Rauwolfia / Indian snakeroot WHAT IT DOES: Rauwolfia root is bitter in taste and cooling in action. Archaeplastida. The main alkaloid is called reserpine. Rauvolfia vomitoria is a small tree or large shrub, growing to 8 m (26 ft) high. Full Name* Email Address* Article Number - E3327BE62386 Vol.11 ... Downloaded: 0. Drug information provided by: IBM Micromedex. Sign up now. (Mansf) Rauvolfia caffra Sond. Rauwolfia vomitoria Afzel. Rauwolfia Serpentina (Bulk) 0.15 % (Not Less Than, USP) Powder. Useful Guduchi products. Entry for RAUWOLFIA vomitoria Afz. The plant, especially its root and bark extract, can often be found in performance enhancing supplements. To receive an acknowledgment from FDA at this time, all Rauwolfia spp.–derived botanicals, for use in dietary supplements, must demonstrate that reserpine has been removed from the end-product prior to distribution to consumers. The Plant List. [family APOCYNACEAE] Herbarium. Flora of Tropical Africa, Vol 4, Part 1, page 24, (1904) Author: (By Otto Stapf.) Botanical Name : Rauwolfia vomitoria Common Name : Reserpine Assay : 98% Applications : Anti-Hypertensive agent Product Usage : Controls blood pressure. In contrast, the NDI Rauwolfia vomitoria (NDI 013) contains the botanical with the reserpine component removed. Ken Fern, Preferred Names. Rauwolscine is a molecule which is very similar in structure to yohimbine, and probably similar in its effects as well; may be more potent, but limited evidence exists. What is the Classification and Labelling Inventory? The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vol. subsp. [6], Rauvolfia vomitoria has been used across its range in traditional medicine. Rauwolscine injections prevented breast cancer cells from multiplying in mice, thus shrinking their tumors. Substitutes and adulterants: The roots of other species of Rauvolfia have been frequently used to substitute and adulterate Rauwolfia. English. ; Rauvolfia cambodiana Pierre ex Pit. vimdančioji rauvolfija statusas T sritis vardynas apibrėžtis Stepukinių šeimos vaistinis augalas (Rauvolfia vomitoria), paplitęs Afrikoje. The plant contains a number of compounds of interest to the pharmaceutical industry and is widely used in traditional medicine. Other common names: Rauwolfae Radix, Indian Snakeroot, Sarpgandha, Serpiria, Rauvolfia Canescens, Rauvolfia serpentina, Rauwolfia serpentine, Alpha yohimbine, Corynanthidin, Corynanthidine, Isoyohimbine, Rauwolscine hydrochloride, 17 α-hydroxy-yohimban-16α-carboxylic acid methyl ester. Sp. Anatomy 2. [5], The plant contains a number of compounds used by the pharmaceutical industry; these include reserpine, reserpinine, deserpidine, ajmalicine and ajmaline. Substitutes and adulterants: The roots of other species of Rauvolfia have been frequently used to substitute and adulterate Rauwolfia. Rauwolfia is used in reducing high blood pressure and as a sedative in the treatment of insomnia, anxiety, msan1ty and certain other neuropsychiatric disorders. Common name. Leaves in threes, elliptic-acuminate to broadly lanceolate. ), Rauwolfia: botany, pharmacognosy, chemistry & pharmacology, Little, Brown, Boston, 1957, 149 p. Diahou Bertin Nguessan, De l'utilisation de Rauvolfia Vomitoria dans les pratiques de magie dans les tribus du sud et du centre de la côte d'ivoire, Université Catholique de Fribourg Suisse Rauvolfia is a perennial undershrub widely distributed in India in the sub-Himalayan regions up to 1,000 metres (3,300 ft). [Apocynaceae] Synonyms . 30 mai 2014 Ecrit par Sylvie. R. vomitoria has common names such as African serpent wood, and African snakeroot or swizzle stick. Tracheophyta. EUCLEF. Subordinate Taxa. RAUWOLFIA vomitoria Afz. Species recognized by Flora do Brasil and GBIF classification. Most alkaloids occur in … The present study deals with GC-MS determination and FT-IR analysis of methanolic root extract of the named plant. Foto n. 72428 - swizzle-stick-tree (Rauvolfia vomitoria) Tracey Slotta - USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database - Not copyrighted image File size: 92545 bytes - Views: 134 Healthvit Sarpagandha 250 Mg 60 Capsules. De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn.Zie de gebruiksvoorwaarden voor meer informatie. … There are no common names associated with this taxon. In contrast, the NDI Rauwolfia vomitoria (NDI 013) contains the botanical with the reserpine component removed. Rauwolfia vomitoria Afzel. Mais des effets secondaires désagréables ont été décrits. Rauwolfia. The database and code is licensed under a Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 12 sep 2020 om 23:50. La combinaison du Rauwolfia (aux deux mêmes doses) et de la Gemcitabine a également inhibé la progression tumorale. Sarpagandha (Rauwolfia serpentina) - Uses, Properties, Benefits, Side effects & Dosage Sarpagandha Plant. Usage traditionnel du Rauwolfia vomitoria dans différents pays : The leaf blades are broadly lanceolate or elliptical, tapering to a long point. Rauwolfia is a reliable blood pressure lowering and tranquilizing agent when used properly. Rauvolfia rhonhofiae Markgr. Rauvolfia vomitoria Afzelius – poison devil's-pepper. It is used traditionally to treat hypertension and rheumatoid arthritis. Seeds Plant Bark. Le Rauwolfia Vomitoria : un effet anti cancer une nouvelle fois prouvé ; Le Rauwolfia Vomitoria : un effet anti cancer une nouvelle fois prouvé. Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. Name the active chemical found in the medicinal plant Rauwolfia vomitoria. [5][6], This is a fast-growing tree that produces large quantities of seeds which are dispersed by birds. To receive an acknowledgment from FDA at this time, all Rauwolfia spp.–derived botanicals, for use in dietary supplements, must demonstrate that reserpine has been removed from the end-product prior to distribution to consumers. Further information. Make an Enquiry!! Yohimbine, on the other hand, had no effect on tumor growth [31, 32, 4]. atitikmenys: lot. What type of diversity does it belongs to? ; Rauvolfia canescens Descourt (Mansf)-> Rauvolfia nitida Jacq. It lowers blood pressure, tranquilizes the mind, and promotes sleep. यदि राउवोल्फिया वोमिटोरिया / Rauwolfia Vomitoria दवा का सेवन करने के बाद दुष्प्रभावों के रूप में आपको निद्रा, चक्कर आना, निम्न रक्तचाप या सिरदर्द का अनुभव होता है त� Sarpagandha Plant is an evergreen, erect glabrous perennial shrub that normally grows up to a height of 60 cm. Rauwolfia Vomitoria Root(id:7517897), View quality Rauwolfia Vomitoria, Rauwolfia root, reserpine details from Dozhen Nigeria storefront on EC21.com. Rauwolfia vomitoria, the herb of study is mostly found in the rain forest of Southern Nigeria. Genus. with help from 2,6-Dimethoxybenzoquinone is a benzoquinone found in R. vomitoria[8] which is active against tumour cells. The branches are whorled and the nodes enlarged and lumpy. MULTILINGUAL MULTISCRIPT PLANT NAME DATABASE. Rauwolfia propriétés thérapeutiques et médicinales : On utilise surtout les alcaloïdes extraits des racines pour faire baisser la tension artérielle et pour soigner certaines maladies mentales. chuŋchuŋka (FCD; S&F) (SIERRA LEONE, KISSI), Burkill, H.M. 1985. After confirming the safety of Beljanski’s Rauwolfia vomitoria extract (referred to as “Rau” – sample provided by Natural Source International, Ltd), researchers at KUMC injected it to mice in combination with the classic chemotherapy drug Carboplatin (Cp). 1; bural (JB; K&A) giupa (JB; K&A) (SENEGAL, DIOLA), Burkill, H.M. 1985. Botanical name and family. Species on this page ( A = names approved by most authorities, s = approved as synonyms) : Rauvolfia angustifolia Salisb. It is used in traditional medicine in India, China, Africa and many other countries. 50 Grams (Min Order) 4 YRS SWY Biotech Co., Ltd. 98.1%. It is native to the Indian subcontinent and East Asia (from India to Indonesia). It is native from Senegal east to Sudan and Tanzania, south to Angola; and naturalized in China, Bangladesh, different ranges of Himalayan and Puerto Rico. The branches grow in whorls, and the leaves grow from swollen nodes in groups of three. Rauvolfia vomitoria is widely used in traditional medicine in Africa and has also become a major source of a number of compounds used in the pharmaceutical industry, particularly reserpine, reserpinine, deserpidine, ajmalicine and ajmaline. In Nigeria local languages, it is called Asofeyeje (Yoruba), Akata (Bini), Ira (Igbo), Eto mmoneba/utoenyin (Efik and Ibibio) and Wadda (Hausa) respectively [13]. The base of the leaves is slender and tapering in nature. Our general interest e-newsletter keeps you up to date on a wide variety of health topics. Children—Dose must be determined by your doctor. Description of Rauwolfia serpentina Plant Species recognized by EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 0.9 and GBIF classification. Shady places in moist forests[646 ]. Taxus Baccata (10-DAB III) (+91) 22 27831232 (+91) 22 2783 5618. Rauwolfia serpentina is known as Sarpagandha in Hindi. Common Names. It contains in total between 40 - 80 different indole alkaloids, most of which occur in very small amounts and several are disputed. In Nigeria, it is known as asofeyeje in Yoruba, ira in Hausa, akata in Bini, and … The extract was prepared from air-dried clean roots of Rauwolfia vomitoria, first powdered with an electric blender and then extracted twice with 80% ethanol, according to a reported method. Filed as Rauwolfia vomitoria Afzel. Roots of this herb are tuberous with a cork of a pale brown color. Rauwolfia pentaphylla Ducke. Rauwolfia vomitoria extract (Rau) was provided by Natural Source International (New York, New York). If you have any useful information about this plant, please leave a comment. Black snakeroot / Indian snakeroot. If you would like to support this site, please consider, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. Rauvolfia serpentina is used in Homeopathy and Ayurveda for management of hypertension due to its hypotensive and neuro-depressive activities. is an unresolved name This name is unresolved. Useful Tropical Plants Database 2014 by Rauwolfia Extract Technical Specification. Geological distribution of Rauwolfia serpentina. Plantae. Rauwolfia alkaloids have not been studied in pregnant women. Rauwolfia vomitoria Afzel. In rats, use of rauwolfia alkaloids during pregnancy causes birth defects and in guinea pigs decreases newborn survival rates. One such important medicinal plant is Rauwolfia vomitoria that belongs to the family Apocynaceae5. afroamericanum B.L.Turner Rauwolfia root bark Rauwolfia vomitoria Afzel. [5] A decoction or extract of the roots is extensively used to treat diarrhoea, jaundice, venereal disease, rheumatism and snake-bites, and is also used to reduce colic or fever, to calm people with anxiety or epilepsy, and to lower blood pressure. This name record (from Tropicos) is not included in version 1.1 of The Plant List. Rauwolfia vomitoria Aftzel belong to the family of Apocynacea with a common name serpent wood and Igbo name as akanta. swizzle stick, poison devil's-pepper, asofeyeje (yoruba) Species . The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vol. Comments have to be approved before they are shown here. Buy best Rauwolfia Vomitoria … This study indicates vegetative propagation is an effective method for regeneration (African Journal of Biotechnology, 2007) . Richard Morris. [6], Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, "Synthesis of 2-methoxy benzoquinone and 2,6-dimethoxybenzoquinone by selected lactic acid bacteria during sourdough fermentation of wheat germ", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rauvolfia_vomitoria&oldid=982798382, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 10 October 2020, at 12:07. More common. However, too much use of rauwolfia alkaloids during pregnancy may cause unwanted effects (difficult breathing, low temperature, loss of appetite) in the baby. Hylacium owariense Afzel., Rauvolfia senegambiae A. DC. Description : Post navigation. Scientific Name : Rauwolfia vomitoria Common Name : Rauwolfia Source : Rauwolfia roots Composition:Alkaloids 90% Reserpine-10% Applications : To stimulate uterine contractions at the time of delivery. Rauwolfia vomitoria, the herb of study is mostly found in the rain forest of Southern Nigeria. The parts that are commonly used for herbal remedies are root bark, leaves and stem-bark. Laisser un commentaire. Having medicinal properties similar to R. serpentina but with low total alkaloid content and also low in serpentina. ID 70714 Symbol Key RAVO Common Name poison devil s pepper Family Apocynaceae Category Dicot Division Magnoliophyta US Nativity Introduced to U.S. US/NA Plant Yes State Distribution PR Growth Habit Shrub, Tree Dura Flora of Tropical Africa. The Beljanski® Products are made of Pao Pereira, Rauwolfia Vomitoria, Ginkgo Biloba, and RNA fragments developed by Mirko Beljanski, PhD. Side Effects. Apocynaceae – Dogbane family. Chloroplastida. Nov. . Rauvolfia is a perennial undershrub widely distributed in India in the sub-Himalayan regions up to 1,000 metres (3,300 ft). Full Length Research Paper. All parts of the plant, except the mature wood, contain latex. Rauvolfia vomitoria, the poison devil's-pepper,[3] is a plant species in the genus Rauvolfia. The genus is named to honor Leonhard Rauwolf. Name the active chemical found in the medicinal plant Rauwolfia vomitoria. Nomenclatural information about Rauvolfia vomitoria is provided by The International Plant Names Index (IPNI). For oral … The plant grows well in highly acidic and neutral soil. Its common names include African Serpent Wood, African Snakeroot and Swizzle Stick. Rauvolfia vomitoria, the poison devil's-pepper, is a plant species in the genus Rauvolfia. The macerated root, or sometimes the pulped fruit, is used to treat a variety of skin conditions, and the bark, twigs and leaves are used as a purgative and emetic. Description and Brand Names; Before Using; Proper Use; Precautions; Side Effects; Products and services. {Deutsch:} Brechrauwolfia (f) {Русский:} раувольфия рвотная (ж) Latein-Deutsch-Wörterbuch von Heilpflanzen It is native from Senegal east to Sudan and Tanzania, south to Angola; and naturalized in China, Bangladesh, different ranges of Himalayan and Puerto Rico. There are no common names associated with this taxon. English Español Português Français Italiano Svenska Deutsch. Rauwolfia Alkaloid (Oral Route) Print. Rauvolfia serpentina, the Indian snakeroot, devil pepper, or serpentine wood, is a species of flower in the milkweed family Apocynaceae. Podochrosia Baill. In Nigeria, it is known as asofeyeje in Yoruba, ira in Hausa, akata in Bini, and mmoneba and utoenyin in … Le nom générique « Rauwolfia », rend hommage à un médecin allemand du 16ème siècle, Leonhart Rauvolf, qui a voyagé à travers le monde afin de collecter des plantes médicinales. Other forage plants; Forage plants; Related feed(s) Description . GENERIC NAME(S): Rauwolfia Serpentina (Bulk) OTHER NAME(S): Rauwolfia Serpentina (Bulk) Powder Reference Sources. The plant has many common names like serpent wood, serpent snake root, and swizzle stick. Rauwolfia vomitoria is a species of flowering plant and belong to the family of Apocynaceae. Rauwolfia Vomitoria Extract Antihypertensive medicine Reserpine 99% powder CAS No: 50-55-5. Wikipedia® is een geregistreerd handelsmerk van de Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., een organisatie zonder winstoogmerk. Bibliographie (en) Robert E. Woodson (et al. In India and Nepal, it is a common treatment for hypertension and insomnia. Poison centres website; Nanomaterials; Substitution to safer chemicals; Enforcement; BPR Biocidal Products Regulation. Resource Type. Swelling of feet and lower legs After you stop using this medicine, it may still produce some side effects that need attention. For reserpine. [9], Every part of the tree is toxic,[10] and this is put to use with a paste made from the pulverized root being coated on arrow tips and spears for hunting, and by being mixed with cassava meal to make rat poison. L’épithète spécifique « vomitoria » fait référence aux propriétés purgatives et émétiques de l’écorce. [family APOCYNACEAE] ... Common name. Names. Rauwolfia is used in reducing high blood pressure and as a sedative in the treatment of insomnia, anxiety, msan1ty and certain other neuropsychiatric disorders. ... Regeneration of Rauwolfia vomitoria Rauwolfia vomitoria is a fast disappearing medicinal plant in Nigeria. Guinea Med. Eukaryota. Last update on 2019-06-13: Now containing 11906 plants. Ghandhi took it frequently at night for its calming actions. [6] Rauwolfia vomitoria has common names such as African serpent wood, and African snakeroot or swizzle stick. The small, fragrant flowers are followed by globular red fruit. RAUWOLFIA VOMITORIA belongs to the family apocynacea and its common names include serpent wood, swizzler stick. Home page Questions and answers Statistics Advertise with us Contact. US $8.00-$10.00 / Gram. Rauvolfia L. – devil's-pepper. Rauvolfia vomitoria Afzel. Common name Part of plant Botanical name Common name Part of plant Botanical name ... Chrysanthellum aerial part Chrysanthellum indicum DC. Scientific Name : Rauwolfia vomitoria Common Name : Rauwolfia Source : Rauwolfia roots Composition:Alkaloids 90% Reserpine-10% Applications : To stimulate uterine contractions at the time of … Both are African species. Species. Botanical name- Rauwolfia serpentina. The genus can mainly be found in tropical regions of … It is possible the same name is included from a different data source, to check this you can search for Rauwolfia vomitoria in version 1.1 of The Plant List. For oral dosage form (tablets): For high blood pressure: Adults—50 to 200 milligrams (mg) a day. This may be taken as a single dose or divided into two doses. The seedlings and saplings are tolerant of shade and the tree regenerates after cutting or burning, soon forming dense thickets. Sarpagandha scientific name is Rauwolfia Serpentina web interface by Sorting Rauvolfia names. ID 70714 Symbol Key RAVO Common Name poison devil s pepper Family Apocynaceae Category Dicot Division Magnoliophyta US Nativity Introduced to U.S. US/NA Plant Yes State Distribution PR Growth Habit Shrub, Tree Dura [4] The plant contains a number of compounds of interest to the pharmaceutical industry and is widely used in traditional medicine. It is still available, but has largely been replaced by less toxic products. Rauwolfia alkaloids have not been studied in pregnant women. Related name. Nomenclatural information about Rauvolfia vomitoria is provided by The International Plant Names Index (IPNI). Free E-newsletter Subscribe to Housecall. Ajna Fern molecule mainly found in two groups (genera) of plants: Rauwolfia and Pausinystalia Leaves of this plant are generally found in whorls of three, and are bright green colored above and pale green colored below. Habitats: Montane forests at elevations of 800 - 1,500 metres in China[266 ]. Curated hierarchies for Rauvolfia rhonhofiae Markgr. Frankincense Oil. and R. caffra. Cellular Organisms. Curated hierarchies for Rauwolfia pentaphylla. (Mansf)-> Rauvolfia nitida Jacq. asked Aug 19 in Bio Zoology by Jatin01 (52.6k points) class-12; 0 votes. The record derives from Tropicos which does not establish this name either as an accepted name or as a synonym (record 50236958) with original publication details: Stirp. Rauwolfia Turtles Polystichum Lagerstroemia Eriobotrya Malus Voacanga Apocynaceae Ilex vomitoria Oligochaeta Elephants Haemonchus. In local Nigerian languages, it is called asofeyeje in Yoruba, ira in Igbo, wadda in Hausa, and eto mmoneba or utoenyin in Efik and Ibibio, Cinnamon bark Cinnamomum verum J.Presl Roselle calyx Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Desmodium aerial part Desmodium adscendens (Swartz) D.C. Saffron stigma Crocus … Rauvolfia vomitoria Afzel. EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1. In the 1970s the bark from stems and roots was harvested and the reserpine extracted and sold for human use. Alternative chemical name in mixtures ; The role of testing in CLP; C&L Inventory. Entry From. Status in native habitat Regeneration of Rauwolfia vomitoria Rauwolfia vomitoria is a fast disappearing medicinal plant in Nigeria. The plant has many common names like serpent wood, serpent snake root, and swizzle stick. Common Names. [7], It has been identified as an invasive species in the Hawaiian island of Oahu. Rauvolfia (sometimes spelled Rauwolfia) is a genus of evergreen trees and shrubs, commonly known as devil peppers, in the family Apocynaceae. 1 ; dσđemakpσwoe (FRI) (GHANA, GBE-VHE), Burkill, H.M. 1985. Rauwolfia serpentina is an evergreen, erect glabrous perennial shrub that normally grows up to a height of 60 cm. Family- Apocynaceae. Rauvolfia vomitoria is a shrub or small tree up to 8 m. Older parts of the plant contain no latex. Rauwolfia vomitoria Afzel. Common Name: Rauwolfia, Ajmaline, Java devil-pepper: Family: Apocynaceae: USDA hardiness: 10-12: Known Hazards: Although we have seen no specific information for this species, most if not all members of this genus contain poisonous alkaloids[K ]. It is native to the Indian subcontinent and East Asia (from India to Indonesia). Alors que les tumeurs n’ont pas répondu à la Gemcitabine seule, le Rauwolfia vomitoria dosé à 20 mg/kg ou 50 mg/kg a révélé une inhibition notable de la croissance tumorale. La quatrième publication relative au programme de collaboration scientifique entre la Fondation Beljanski et Kansas University Medical Center vient de sortir. Extract of the Rauwolfia vomitoria plant, a source of rauwolscine, has been used in traditional medicine in Africa as an anti-cancer remedy . Rauvolfia vomitoria is a shrub or small tree up to 8 m. Older parts of the plant contain no latex. Rauwolfia serpentina (or snakeroot or sarpagandha) is a species of flowering plant in the family Apocynaceae. Flowers are minute, sweet-scented, branches of inflorescences are distinctly puberulous with hardly any free corolla lobes. Rauvolfia vomitoria šaltinis Valstybinės lietuvių kalbos komisijos 2009 m. balandžio 9 d Rauwolfia’s effects on the heart include decreasing myocardial excitability, inhibiting atrial-ventricular conduction, and extending the refractory period of the heart rhythm.1 Much of the medicinal effects of Rauwolfia serpentina andRauwolfia vomitoria have been attributed to the hypotensive indole alkaloid reserpine.2 Additional alkaloids found in Rauwolfia roots include the indoles ajmaline, ajmalicine, raubasine, imethylajmaline, methylisoajmaline, hydroxysarpagine, yohimbinic acid, and isorauhimbinic … Botany: An erect perennial shrub with a long, irregularly, nodular, yellowish root stock. Life. However, too much use of rauwolfia alkaloids during pregnancy may cause unwanted effects (difficult breathing, low temperature, loss of appetite) in the baby. This study indicates vegetative propagation is an effective method for regeneration (African Journal of Biotechnology, 2007) . [7] is an unresolved name This name is unresolved. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K) Collection. Organisms 12.